Voice হলো verb-এর এমন একটি রূপ, যা subject কাজটি করছে নাকি subject-এর উপর কাজটি করা হচ্ছে তা বোঝায়।

• ✅ Active Voice: যেখানে subject নিজে কাজ করে।
  Example: He writes a letter.
• ✅ Passive Voice: যেখানে কাজটি subject-এর উপর কার্যকর হয়।
  Example: A letter is written by him.

1. Object → Subject হয়ে যায়
2. Passive voice-এ: Be verb + V3 (Past participle)
3. Active subject → “by + subject” হিসেবে passive voice-এ যায়
4. Tense অনুযায়ী be verb পরিবর্তিত হয়
5. Modal থাকলে: modal + be + V3 হয়

• Present Indefinite: He writes a letter. → A letter is written by him.
• Past Indefinite: They watched the movie. → The movie was watched by them.
• Future Indefinite: I will complete the task. → The task will be completed by me.
• Present Continuous: She is cooking rice. → Rice is being cooked by her.
• Past Continuous: They were playing cricket. → Cricket was being played by them.
• Present Perfect: We have finished the work. → The work has been finished by us.
• Past Perfect: He had written a poem. → A poem had been written by him.
• Future Perfect: She will have submitted the report. → The report will have been submitted by her.
• Modal Verb: He can solve the problem. → The problem can be solved by him.

• Imperative: Open the door. → Let the door be opened.
• Negative: Do not waste time. → Let time not be wasted.
• Request: Please help me. → You are requested to help me.

• Do you know him? → Is he known by you?
• Did he help her? → Was she helped by him?
• Who wrote this book? → By whom was this book written?

1. He writes a letter.
2. She is cooking rice.
3. They watched the movie.
4. I will complete the project.
5. We have finished the work.
6. The gardener waters the plants.
7. They are playing football.
8. He had written a poem.
9. The students will attend the class.
10. She can drive a car.

11. A letter is written by him.
12. The food was being cooked by her.
13. The song has been sung by them.
14. A house will be built by them.
15. The work had been completed by us.
16. The cake is being baked by the chef.
17. The room is cleaned by the maid.
18. The book was read by me.
19. The phone will have been repaired by the mechanic.
20. The homework is done by the student.

• A letter is written by him.
• Rice is being cooked by her.
• The movie was watched by them.
• The project will be completed by me.
• The work has been finished by us.
• The plants are watered by the gardener.
• Football is being played by them.
• A poem had been written by him.
• The class will be attended by the students.
• A car can be driven by her.

• He writes a letter.
• She was cooking the food.
• They have sung the song.
• They will build a house.
• We had completed the work.
• The chef is baking the cake.
• The maid cleans the room.
• I read the book.
• The mechanic will have repaired the phone.
• The student does the homework.

Active: Subject + V1 (s/es) + Object

Passive: Object + is/am/are + V3 + by + Subject

Example: He writes a letter.
→ A letter is written by him.

Active: Subject + V2 + Object

Passive: Object + was/were + V3 + by + Subject

Example: They watched the movie.
→ The movie was watched by them.

Active: Subject + will/shall + V1 + Object

Passive: Object + will/shall be + V3 + by + Subject

Example: I will complete the work.
→ The work will be completed by me.

Active: Subject + is/am/are + V1+ing + Object

Passive: Object + is/am/are being + V3 + by + Subject

Example: She is cooking rice.
→ Rice is being cooked by her.

Active: Subject + was/were + V1+ing + Object

Passive: Object + was/were being + V3 + by + Subject

Example: They were playing football.
→ Football was being played by them.

Active: Subject + has/have + V3 + Object

Passive: Object + has/have been + V3 + by + Subject

Example: We have finished the work.
→ The work has been finished by us.

Active: Subject + had + V3 + Object

Passive: Object + had been + V3 + by + Subject

Example: He had written a poem.
→ A poem had been written by him.

Active: Subject + will have + V3 + Object

Passive: Object + will have been + V3 + by + Subject

Example: She will have submitted the report.
→ The report will have been submitted by her.

Active: Subject + modal + V1 + Object

Passive: Object + modal + be + V3 + by + Subject

Example: He can solve the problem.
→ The problem can be solved by him.

Positive Command:
Verb + Object → Let + Object + be + V3
Example: Open the door. → Let the door be opened.

Negative Command:
Do not + Verb + Object → Let + Object + not be + V3
Example: Do not waste time. → Let time not be wasted.

Request:
Please + Verb + Object → You are requested to + V1 + Object
Example: Please call the doctor. → You are requested to call the doctor.

Yes/No Question:
Do/Does/Did + Subject + V1 + Object? → Is/Are/Was/Were + Object + V3 + by + Subject?
Example: Do you know him? → Is he known by you?

Wh- Question:
Who/What + V1 + Object? → By whom/what + is/am/are/was/were + Object + V3?
Example: Who wrote this book? → By whom was this book written?

• যেসব verb Intransitive (যেমন go, come, sleep) তাদের Passive voice হয় না।
• Tense অনুযায়ী be verb সঠিকভাবে ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
• Past participle (V3) ব্যবহার বাধ্যতামূলক।
• Subject ও Object-এর জায়গা পরিবর্তন হয়।